A Comparison of the Pali and Patna Collections

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A Comparison of the Pàëi and Patna Collections

In this edition of the Patna Dharmapada there are altogether 414 verses, as opposed to 423 in the Pàëi rescension, distributed between 22 chapters, which is four less than the Pàëi collection. The line count, however, is almost identical: there are 1733 lines in the Pàëi Dhammapada and 1734 in Patna Dharmapada.

As we will see in the detailed listings below there are good parallels to 285 of the verses in the Pàëi collection (69%), and partial parallels to a further 34 (which would push the percentage upto 77%). ⁰¹ Besides these there are also partial parallels to a number of other verses that have arisen through keyword substitution.

There are also 45 verses that have parallels in other Pàëi collections (11%), and 5 that are partial parallels (altogether 12%). ⁰² These include:

Vinaya Cullavaggo, 213
Majjhimanikàya, 99
Sagàthavagga, 78, 182, 183, 248, 249, 250, 251, 311, (332), (337), (369)
Aïguttaranikàya, 12, 13, 25, 370
Udàna, 88, 89
Itivuttaka, 42, 141, 42, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 246, 247, 252
Suttanipàta, 42, 299, 300, 301, 302
Theragàthà, 227, 339, 340, 341
Jàtaka, 109, 212, 220, 221, 222, 223, 298, (303, 304, 305).

If we put these statistics together we can see that 330 verses (80%) in Patna have their counterparts somewhere in the Pàëi texts; and there are a further 39 verses that are partially parallel. When we add that number in the percentage rises to 89%. And besides these some of the remaining verses are simply variations of existing verses with keyword substitution.

The verses are fairly evenly distributed between the chapters, with the shortest being the øokavarggaþ at 12 verses, and the longest the Kalyàõãvarggaþ, which has 25 (the average is 18 verses to a chapter). ⁰³ In outline we can list the chapters here:

1: Jamavarggaþ, ⁰⁴ 13 verses (cf. 1: Yamakavaggo, 20 verses)
2: Apramàdavarggaþ, 20 verses (cf. 2: Appamàdavaggo, 12 verses)
3: Bràhmaõavarggaþ, 16 verses (cf. 26: Bràhmaõavaggo, 41 verses)
4: Bhikùuvarggaþ, 15 verses (cf. 25: Bhikkhuvaggo, 23 verses)
5: Atthavarggaþ, 19 verses
6: øokavarggaþ, 12 verses
7: Kalyàõãvarggaþ, 25 verses
8: Puùpavarggaþ, 16 verses (cf. 4: Pupphavaggo, 15 verses)
9: Tahnavarggaþ, 20 verses (cf. 24: Taõhàvaggo, 26 verses)
10: Malavarggaþ, 17 verses (cf. 18: Malavaggo, 21 verses)
11: Bàlavarggaþ, 21 verses (cf. 5: Bàlavaggo, 16 verses)
12: Daõóavarggaþ, 21 verses (cf. 10: Daõóavaggo, 17 verses)
13: øaraõavarggaþ, 23 verses
14: Khàntivarggaþ, 22 verses
15: âsavavarggaþ, 17 verses
16: Vàcàvarggaþ, 28 verses
17: âttavarggaþ, 21 verses (cf. 12: Attavaggo, 10 verses)
18: Dadantãvarggaþ, 15 verses
19: Cittavarggaþ, 18 verses (cf. 3: Cittavaggo, 12 verses)
20: Màggavarggaþ, 18 verses (cf. 20: Maggavaggo, 17 verses)
21: Sahasravarggaþ, 22 verses (cf. 8: Sahassavaggo, 16 verses)
22: Uragavarggaþ, 17 verses (cf. Uragasuttaü, Sn 1.1 17 verses)

We can see from this that only 13 of the chapter titles, or the rubrics under which the collections have been made, agree between the two rescensions. But even when the titles agree the contents may vary widely. For instance in Patna the Bràhmaõavarggaþ has only 16 verses, while in the Pàëi it is the longest by far with 41 verses; on the other hand the Pàëi Attavaggo has only 10 verses, while the Patna redactors have collected 21 verses under that rubric.

Here I give the chapters and their parallels in detail together with observations on the material and its collection:

1: Jamavarggaþ, 13 verses, (Ò 1: Yamakavaggo, 20 verses)

1 Ò Dhp 1
2 Ò Dhp 2
3 Ò Dhp 15
4ab Ò Dhp 16ab; cd Ò Dhp 18cd
5 Ò Dhp 3
6 Ò Dhp 4
7 Ò Dhp 7
8 Ò Dhp 8
9 Ò Dhp 328, Nàgavaggo
10 Ò Dhp 329, Nàgavaggo
11 Ò Dhp 330, Nàgavaggo
12 Ò Aïg Bk. 4. 17
13 Ò Aïg Bk. 4. 18

There are 10 good parallels from the Pàëi Dhammapada collection as a whole, and one partial parallel.
Only 8 of the 20 verses found in the Pàëi Yamakavagga have found their way into the Patna collection, although 12 more are found under different rubrics spread throughout the rest of the collection.
The odd number of verses in the chapter of doublets is because of the inclusion of verse 11, which has been attracted into the collection because of a similarity in the vocabulary.
There are two verses at the end which are not found in the Pàëi Dhammapada, and as we will see it often happens that verses that have no parallel in the Dhammapada appear to have been tagged on at the end of the chapters.

2: Apramàdavarggaþ, 20 verses (Ò 2: Appamàdavaggo, 12 verses)

14 Ò Dhp 21
15 Ò Dhp 22
16 Ò Dhp 23
17 Ò Dhp 26
18 Ò Dhp 29
19 Ò Dhp 28
20 Ò Dhp 172, Lokavaggo
21ab Ò Dhp 172ab, Lokavaggo; cd Ò Sn 4.1 v.3cd
22 Ò Dhp 32
23 Ò Dhp 31
24 Ò Dhp 327, Nàgavaggo
25 Ò Aïg Bk. 6 30 v. 3
26ab cf. Dhp 27; c-f Ò Iti 37
27 Ò Dhp 168, Lokavaggo
28 Ò Dhp 24
29 Ò Dhp 25
30 Ò Dhp 280, Maggavaggo
31 Ò Dhp 167, Lokavaggo
32 Ò Dhp 259, Dhammaññhavaggo
33bcd Ò Dhp 371bcd, Bhikkhuvaggo

There are 16 parallels, and 3 partial parallels from the Pàëi Dhammapada in this chapter.
All but one of the verses in the Pàëi collection are also found in Patna (the one that is missing number 30, is not found in any of the other chapters either).
This chapter is considerably longer than its Pàëi counterpart.

3: Bràhmaõavarggaþ, 16 verses (Ò 26: Bràhmaõavaggo, 41 verses)

34 Ò Dhp 383
35acd Ò Dhp 392acd
36abd Ò Dhp 392abd
37ab Ò Dhp 393ab
38 Ò Dhp 401
39 Ò Dhp 387
40 Ò Dhp 385
41 Ò Dhp 384
42ab cf. Iti 96 v.3ab; cd Ò Sn 3.12 v. 26cd
43 Ò Dhp 408
44 Ò Dhp 404
45 Ò Dhp 391
46 Ò Dhp 389
47 Ò Dhp 294
48 Ò Dhp 403
49 Ò Dhp 386

There are 12 parallels and 3 partial parallels from Pàëi Dhammapada.
This chapter is very much shorter than it is in the Pàëi collection.
All but one of the verses in this chapter also occur in the parallel chapter.

4: Bhikùuvarggaþ, 15 verses (Ò 25: Bhikkhuvaggo, 23 verses)

50 Ò Dhp 361c-f
51 Ò Dhp 361
52 Ò Dhp 362
53 Ò Dhp 378
54 Ò Dhp 363
55 Ò Dhp 365
56 Ò Dhp 366
57 Ò Dhp 369
58a Ò Ud-v 32.23
59a-d Ò Dhp 368; ef cf. Dhp 23cd
60 Ò Dhp 373
61 Ò Dhp 374
62 Ò Dhp 372
63 Ò Dhp 375
64a-e Ò Dhp 376a-e; f Ò Sn 1039d

There are 13 parallels and two partial parallels from the Dhammapada.
Similarly this chapter has many less verses than the Pàëi collection.
And again all but one of the verses occur under the same rubric in the Pàëi.

5: Atthavarggaþ, 19 verses

65 Ò Dhp 331, Nàgavaggo
66 Ò Dhp 332, Nàgavaggo
67ab Ò Dhp 333ab, Nàgavaggo
68 Ò Dhp 194, Buddhavaggo
69 Ò Dhp 206, Sukhavaggo
70 Ò Dhp 207, Sukhavaggo
71 Ò Dhp 208, Sukhavaggo
72 Ò Dhp 212, Piyavaggo
73 Ò Dhp 210, Piyavaggo
74 Ò Dhp 211, Piyavaggo
75 Ò Dhp 203, Sukhavaggo
76 Ò Dhp 204, Sukhavaggo
77 Ò Dhp 290, Pakiõõakavaggo
78 Ò Kosalasaüyuttaü 2.3 v.1
79 Ò Dhp 193, Buddhavaggo
80 Ò Dhp 83, Paõóitavaggo
81 Ò Dhp 201, Sukhavaggo
82cd cf. Dhp 333cd, Nàgavaggo
83 Ò Ud-v 30.23

There are 15 parallels and two partial parallels from Pàëi Dhp.
Atthavarggaþ does not seem to be a very apt title for this chapter, and on the basis of collocation it may have been better named as the Sukhavarggaþ, as that word occurs in 14 of the verses, and a number of the other are related through the synonym priya.
The last verse has no parallel in the Pàëi texts, but a parallel is found in the Udànavarga.

6: øokavarggaþ, 12 verses

84 Ò Ud 8.8
85 Ò Ud 8.8
86 Ò Dhp 90, Arahantavaggo
87 Ò Dhp 92ab-ef, Arahantavaggo
88 Ò Dhp 96, Arahantavaggo
89 Ò Dhp 94, Arahantavaggo
90 Ò Dhp 321, Nàgavaggo
91 Ò Dhp 322, Nàgavaggo
92cd Ò Dhp 323cd, Nàgavaggo
93 Ò Dhp 81, Paõóitavaggo
94 Ò Dhp 9, Yamakavaggo
95 Ò Dhp 10, Yamakavaggo

There are 9 parallels and one partial parallel from the Dhammapada.
There is no equivalent rubric to this chapter in the Pàëi rescension. Only the first three verses mention èoka, and the rest seem to have nothing to do with the theme, so that it is again quite inapt.
Other verses in Patna, however, do mention èoka or èocati, see 3, 19, 71, 138, 139, 140, 25, 70, 100, and 240.
A better title on the grounds of theme, might have been the Arihantavarggaþ.

7: Kalyàõãvarggaþ, 25 verses

96 Ò Dhp 116, Pàpavaggo
97 Ò Dhp 117, Pàpavaggo
98 Ò Dhp 118, Pàpavaggo
99 Ò M 7 vs. 3
100ab Ò Dhp 314ab, Nirayavaggo; cd cf. 17cd, Yamakavaggo
101ab Ò Dhp 314cd, Nirayavaggo; cd cf. 18cd, Yamakavaggo
102 Ò Dhp 119, Pàpavaggo
103 Ò Dhp 120, Pàpavaggo
104 cf. Dhp 119, Pàpavaggo
105 cf. Dhp 120, Pàpavaggo
106 Ò Dhp 124, Pàpavaggo
107 Ò Dhp 71, Bàlavaggo
108 Ò Ud-v 9.18a-d
109 Ò Jà 466 v. 36
110 Ò Devaputtasaüyuttaü, 3.2 v. 4
111 Ò Devaputtasaüyuttaü, 3.2 v. 5
112 Ò Devaputtasaüyuttaü, 3.2 v. 6
113 Ò Dhp 307, Nirayavaggo
114 Ò Dhp 306, Nirayavaggo
115 Ò Dhp 125, Pàpavaggo
116 Ò Dhp 123, Pàpavaggo
117 Ò Dhp 291, Pakiõõakavaggo
118
119
120

There are 14 parallels and two partial parallels from the Dhammapada.
The title of this chapter does not appear in the Pàëi, and Kallàõ- only appears in the first verse here.
Other verses in the Patna collection, however, do mention kallàõ-, cf. 64, 303, 304, 305, 347.
On the grounds of word collocation Pàpavarggaþ might have been a better title, as that word occurs in 96, 97, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 113, 115, and 116.
If it was named after its theme we might have expected it to be called Kaümavarggaþ.
At the end there are three matràcchandas verses tagged on, that have no parallel in any of the other Dharmapadàni collections. They also do not appear to have much to do with the theme, and do not mention pàpa either, so that they seem to be intrusive.

8: Puùpavarggaþ, 16 verses (Ò 4: Pupphavaggo, 15 verses)

121 Ò Dhp 54
122 Ò Dhp 55
123 Ò Dhp 56
124 Ò Dhp 57
125 Ò Dhp 51
126 Ò Dhp 52
127 Ò Dhp 49
128 Ò Dhp 47
129 Ò Dhp 48
130 Ò Dhp 53
131 Ò Dhp 44
132 Ò Dhp 45
133 Ò Dhp 377, Bhikkhuvaggo
134 Ò Dhp 46
135 Ò Dhp 58
136 Ò Dhp 59

This is the chapter that is closest in the two rescensions, with all but one of the Pàëi verses also occurring in this collection (verse 50 appears elsewhere in the âttavarggaþ as a parallel to Patna verse 309), and only one verse occurs here that is not found in the parallel chapter.

9: Tahnavarggaþ, 20 verses (Ò 24: Taõhàvaggo, 26 verses)

137 Ò Dhp 334
138 Ò Dhp 335
139 Ò Dhp 336
140a-d Ò Dhp 337a-d; for ef cf. 216cd
141 Ò Iti 15.1
142 Ò Iti 15.2
143 Ò Dhp 345
144 Ò Dhp 346
145 Ò Dhp 186, Buddhavaggo
146 Ò Dhp 187, Buddhavaggo
147 Ò Dhp 352
148 Ò Dhp 341
149 Ò Dhp 342
150 Ò Dhp 348
151 Ò Dhp 344
152 Ò Dhp 356
153 Ò Dhp 357
154 Ò Dhp 358
155 Ò Dhp 99, Arahantavaggo
156 Ò Dhp 338

There are 17 parallels from Pàëi Dhp.
This is again a good parallel to the Pàëi collection, with 15 of the verses in the latter also occurring here.
There is strong word collocation throughout the chapter.

10: Malavarggaþ, 17 verses (Ò 18: Malavaggo, 21 verses)

157 Ò Dhp 241
158 Ò Dhp 242
159 Ò Dhp 243
160 Ò Dhp 240
161 Ò Dhp 235
162b cf. Dhp 239cd; cd Ò Dhp 236cd
163 Ò Dhp 239
164 Ò Dhp 244
165 Ò Dhp 245
166 Ò Dhp 252
167 Ò Dhp 163, Attavaggo
168ab Ò Dhp 163ab, Attavaggo
169ab Ò Dhp 316ab; c-f Ò 317, Nirayavaggo
170 Ò Dhp 318, Nirayavaggo
171 Ò Dhp 11, Yamakavaggo
172 Ò Dhp 12, Yamakavaggo
173 Ò Dhp 209, Piyavaggo

There are 14 parallels and three partial parallels from Pàëi Dhp.
The first 10 verses find parallels in the Pàëi Malavaggo, but the rest are found elsewhere in the collection.
As in the Pàëi, the collection of these verses has been made through consideration of the theme of impurity (mala, saükiliùña, vajja, etc.) which runs throughout the chapter.

11: Bàlavarggaþ, 21 verses (Ò 5: Bàlavaggo, 16 verses)

174 Ò Dhp 66
175 Ò Dhp 67
176 Ò Dhp 68
177 Ò Dhp 72
178 Ò Dhp 73
179 Ò Dhp 74a-d
180 Ò Dhp 74 ef, 75 ab
181 Ò Dhp 75 c-f
182 Ò Bràhmaõasaüyuttaü 1.3
183 Ò Sakkasaüyuttaü 1.4 v. 8
184 Ò Dhp 63
185 Ò Dhp 60
186 Ò Iti 76.5
187 Ò Iti 76.6
188 Ò Iti 76.2
189 Ò Iti 76.4
190 Ò Iti 76.7 a-d
191 Ò Dhp 64
192 Ò Dhp 65
193 Ò Dhp 121, Pàpavaggo
194 Ò Dhp 122, Pàpavaggo

There are 14 parallels from the Dhammapada.
12 out of the 16 verses in the Pàëi Bàlavaggo find parallels in this chapter.
Notice that the five verses from the Itivuttaka collection occur in a different sequence in the Pàëi collection.

12: Daõóavarggaþ, 21 verses (Ò 10: Daõóavaggo, 17 verses)

195 Ò Dhp 141
196 Ò Dhp 142
197 Ò Dhp 133
198ab cf. Dhp 134ab; cd Ò Aïg Bk. 8. 3.9 v.6cd
199 Ò Dhp 134
200 Ò Dhp 135
201a Ò Dhp 135a; c-f Ò Dhp 315c-f, Nirayavaggo
202 Ò Dhp 130
203 Ò Dhp 131
204 Ò Dhp 132
205a-d Ò Dhp 78; ef Ò Dhp 76ef, Paõóitavaggo
206 Ò Dhp 76, Paõóitavaggo
207 Ò Dhp 77, Paõóitavaggo
208 Ò Devatàsaüyuttaü 4.2 v. 7
209 Ò Dhp 152, Jaràvaggo
210 Ò Dhp 309, Nirayavaggo
211a-c Ò Dhp 310a-c, Nirayavaggo; for line d cf. Jà 457, 470, 488, etc.
212d Ò Jà 467.4 d
213 Ò Vin. Cv. Saïghabhedakakkhandakaü, Nàlàgiripesanaü, vs. 1
214
215 Ò Dhp 320, Nàgavaggo

There are 13 parallels and four partial parallels from the Pàëi Dhammapada.
Although this chapter is longer than its Pàëi equivalent, less than half of the Pàëi verses found in that chapter are paralleled here.
There appears to be no parallel to verse 214 in the ancient traditions.

13: øaraõavarggaþ, 23 verses

216 Ò Dhp 188, Buddhavaggo
217 Ò Dhp 189, Buddhavaggo
218 Ò Dhp 190, Buddhavaggo
219 Ò Dhp 192, Buddhavaggo
220 Ò Jà 334.1
221 Ò Jà 334.2a-d
222 Ò Jà 334.3
223 Ò Jà 334.4a-d
224 Ò Dhp 169, Lokavaggo
225 cf. Dhp 169, Lokavaggo
226 Ò Dhp 364, Bhikkhuvaggo
227 Ò Tha 303
228 cf. Tha 303
229 Ò Dhp 155, Jaràvaggo
230 Ò Dhp 156, Jaràvaggo
231 Ò Dhp 91, Arahantavaggo
232 Ò Dhp 175, Lokavaggo
233 Ò Dhp 146, Jaràvaggo
234 Ò Dhp 315, Nirayavaggo
235 Ò Dhp 264, Dhammaññhavaggo
236 Ò Dhp 265, Dhammaññhavaggo
237 Ò Dhp 339, Taõhàvaggo
238 Ò Dhp 221, Kodhavaggo

There are 16 parallels from Pàëi Dhp.
Only the first four verses mention èaraõa or seem to have anything to do with that theme. The chapter appears to be quite miscellaneous in character.

14: Khàntivarggaþ, 22 verses

239 Ò Dhp 184, Buddhavaggo
240 Ò Dhp 225, Kodhavaggo
241 Ò Dhp 300, Pakiõõakavaggo
242 Ò Dhp 301, Pakiõõakavaggo
243 Ò Dhp 299, Pakiõõakavaggo
244 Ò Dhp 181, Buddhavaggo
245 Ò Dhp 98, Arahantavaggo
246 Ò Iti 27.2
247 Ò Iti 27.3, 4
248ab cf. Jà 169 ab; cd Ò Yakkhasaüyuttaü 4 v. 3cd
249 Ò Yakkhasaüyuttaü 4 v. 3
250acd Ò Yakkhasaüyuttaü 4 v. 3; b cf. Dhp 301d, Pakiõõakavaggo
251acd Ò Yakkhasaüyuttaü 4 v. 3; b cf. Dhp 299d, Pakiõõakavaggo
252 Ò Iti 27.5
253 Ò Dhp 5, Yamakavaggo
254 Ò Dhp 6, Yamakavaggo
255 Ò Dhp 197, Sukhavaggo
256 Ò Dhp 199, Sukhavaggo
257ab Ò Dhp 200ab, Sukhavaggo
258 Ò Dhp 170, Lokavaggo
259 Ò Dhp 148, Jaràvaggo
260a Ò Tha 73a; d cf. Sn. 44c

There are 17 parallels and one partial parallel from Pàëi Dhp.
The chapter title (as with the Kalyàõãvarggaþ) appears to have taken its name from the keyword in the first line, and the rest of the verses are only vaguely related to the theme.

15: âsavavarggaþ, 17 verses

261 Ò Dhp 85, Paõóitavaggo
262 Ò Dhp 86, Paõóitavaggo
263 Ò Dhp 87, Paõóitavaggo
264 Ò Dhp 88, Paõóitavaggo
265 Ò Dhp 89, Paõóitavaggo
266 Ò Dhp 292, Pakiõõakavaggo
267 Ò Dhp 293, Pakiõõakavaggo
268 Ò Dhp 253, Malavaggo
269bcd Ò Dhp 226bcd, Kodhavaggo
270 Ò Dhp 93, Arahantavaggo
271 Ò Dhp 271, Dhammaññhavaggo
272 Ò Dhp 272, Dhammaññhavaggo
273 Ò Ud-v 32.23
274 Ò Dhp 126, Pàpavaggo
275 Ò Dhp 82, Paõóitavaggo
276 Ò Dhp 179, Buddhavaggo
277 Ò Dhp 180, Buddhavaggo

There are 11 parallels and two partial parallels from the Pàëi Dhammapada.
Word collocation is strong with àsava being mentioned in 265-270 (261-265 form a sequence, which culminates in a mention of the khãõàsava), 272 (271 and 272 form a pair), 273, and 274.
The last three verses, although they do not mention àsava, are related thematically.

16: Vàcàvarggaþ, 28 verses

278 Ò Dhp 281, Maggavaggo
279 Ò Dhp 231, Kodhavaggo
280 Ò Dhp 232, Kodhavaggo
281 Ò Dhp 233, Kodhavaggo
282 Ò Dhp 234, Kodhavaggo
283 Ò Dhp 227, Kodhavaggo
284 Ò Dhp 228, Kodhavaggo
285
286 Ò Dhp 229, Kodhavaggo
287 Ò Dhp 230, Kodhavaggo
288 Ò Dhp 262, Dhammaññhavaggo
289ab Ò Dhp 261ab, cd Ò Dhp 263cd, Dhammaññhavaggo
290 Ò Dhp 19, Yamakavaggo
291 Ò Dhp 20, Yamakavaggo
292 Ò Dhp 224, Kodhavaggo
293 Ò Dhp 177, Lokavaggo
294 Ò Dhp 217, Piyavaggo
295 Ò Dhp 308, Nirayavaggo
296 Ò Dhp 311, Nirayavaggo
297 Ò Dhp 176, Lokavaggo
298 Ò Jà 331.2
299 Ò Sn 3.10 v.1
300 Ò Sn 3.10 v.2
301 Ò Sn 3.10 v.3
302 Ò Sn 3.10 v.4
303 cf. Jà 88
304 cf. Jà 88
305ab cf. Jà 88ab

There are 18 parallels and one partial parallel from the Dhammapada.
This is a strong thematic collection based on speech and speaking (vàcà-, -bhàõikam, praèaüsito, praèaüsanti, vàkkaraõa-, saccaü, bhàùamàno, saccaü bhaõe, saccavàdinaü, muùàvàdissa, dubbhàùità, bhàùeyà).
There is no parallel to 285 in any of the rescensions of the Dharmapadàni verses.
The parallels to the last 8 verses of this chapter are from outside the Dhammapada.

17: âttavarggaþ, 21 verses (Ò 12: Attavaggo, 10 verses)

306 Ò Dhp 162
307 Ò Dhp 161
308 Ò Dhp 165
309 Ò Dhp 50, Pupphavaggo
310abc cf. Dhp 50, Pupphavaggo; d Ò Jà 475 v. 2b
311 Ò Kosalasaüyuttaü 1.4 vs. 1
312 Ò Dhp 157
313 Ò Dhp 305, Pakiõõakavaggo
314a-d Ò Dhp 164a-d; ef Ò Dhp 162 ef
315 Ò Dhp 164
316ac Ò Dhp 158ac
317 Ò Dhp 158
318 Ò Dhp 159
319 Ò Dhp 104, Sahassavaggo
320 Ò Dhp 105, Sahassavaggo
321 Ò Dhp 160
322 Ò Dhp 380, Bhikkhuvaggo
323
324 Ò Dhp 379, Bhikkhuvaggo
325 Ò Dhp 166
326 Ò Dhp 84, Paõóitavaggo

There are 17 parallels and three partial parallels from the Dhammapada.
All but one of the verses (163, parallel to Patna 167) found in the Pàëi Attavaggo are also found in the âttavarggaþ.
There is no parallel to verse 323.
Word collocation on àtta has been the organising principle behind this chapter.

18: Dadantãvarggaþ, 15 verses

327 Ò Dhp 249, Malavaggo
328 Ò Dhp 250, Malavaggo
329a-d Ò Dhp 144, Daõóavaggo; ef Ò Sn 2.9 v. 7cd
330
331 Ò Dhp 303, Pakiõõakavaggo
332 cf. Devatàsaüyuttaü 4.6 v. 1
333 Ò Dhp 97, Arahantavaggo
334 Ò Dhp 182, Buddhavaggo
335 Ò Dhp 38, Cittavaggo
336 Ò Ud-v 31.25
337abd Ò Bràhmaõasaüyuttaü, 2.6 v. 2abd
338bcd Ò Dhp 178bad, Lokavaggo
339 Ò Tha 507
340 Ò Tha 508
341 Ò Tha 509

There are 6 parallels and one partial parallel from the Dhammapada.
This chapter is apparently named after the first word in the first verse. Most of the verses have no relation to giving.
A more fitting title might have been øraddhavarggaþ, as the word èraddha occurs in 8 of the 15 verses, and 2 more can be included as they are in a sequence that does have the word èraddha in it.
There is no parallel to verse 330 in the other rescensions.
Out of the last 6 verses, 5 are from outside the Dhammapada.

19: Cittavarggaþ, 18 verses (Ò 3: Cittavaggo, 12 verses)

342 Ò Dhp 33
343 Ò Dhp 34
344 Ò Dhp 37
345 Ò Dhp 35
346 Ò Dhp 36
347 Ò Dhp 39
348 Ò Dhp 79, Paõóitavaggo
349 Ò Dhp 41
350 Ò Dhp 40
351 Ò Dhp 13, Yamakavaggo
352 Ò Dhp 14, Yamakavaggo
353 cf. Ud-v 31.12
354 cf. Ud-v 31.18
355 cf. Ud-v 31.13
356 cf. Ud-v 31.19
357 Ò Dhp 183, Buddhavaggo

There are 12 parallels from the Pàëi Dhammapada.
The verse pairs 353 and 354, and 355 and 356 are variations on 351 and 352 that have arisen through keyword substituton.

20: Màggavarggaþ, 18 verses (Ò 20: Maggavaggo, 17 verses)

358 Ò Dhp 273
359 Ò Dhp 275cd and 276
360 Ò Dhp 274 and 275ab
361 Ò Dhp 283
362 Ò Dhp 284
363 Ò Dhp 285
364 Ò Dhp 286
365 Ò Dhp 287
366 Ò Dhp 288
367
368 cf. Dhp 289; for b cf. Aïg Bk. 8. 5. 9 v.2b
369ab Ò Devatàsaüyuttaü, 5.8 v. 3; cd cf. Dhp 289cd
370acd Ò Aïg Bk. 8. 5. 9 v.2acd
371
372a Ò Aïg Bk. 8. 5. 9 v.2a; cd Ò Dhp 31cd, Appamàdavaggo
373 Ò Dhp 277
374 Ò Dhp 279
375 Ò Dhp 282

There are 12 parallels and two partial parallels from the Pàëi Dhammapada.
There are no parallels for the verses 367 and 371 in any of the existing collections.

21: Sahasravarggaþ, 22 verses (Ò 8: Sahassavaggo, 16 verses)

376 Ò Dhp 100
377 Ò Dhp 102
378 Ò Dhp 103
379 Ò Dhp 106
380 Ò Dhp 107
381 Ò Dhp 108
382 Ò Ud-v 24.21
383 Ò Ud-v 24.22
384 Ò Ud-v 24.23
385ab Ò Dhp 106ab; cd Ò Dhp 70cd, Bàlavaggo
386 Ò Ud-v 24.17
387 Ò Ud-v 24.18
388 Ò Ud-v 24.19
389 Ò Dhp 70, Bàlavaggo
390 Ò Dhp 110
391 Ò Dhp 111
392 Ò Dhp 112
393 Ò Dhp 113
394 Ò Dhp 115
395 Ò Dhp 114
396ac Ò Dhp 110ac
397 Ò Ud-v 24.8

There are 13 parallels and two partial parallels from the Pàëi Dhammapada.
The parallels from Udànavarga in this chapter are all variations on verses also found in the Pàëi that have arisen through keyword substitution.

22: [Uragavarggaþ], 17 verses (Ò Uragasuttaü, Sn 1.1 17 verses)

398 Ò Sn 1.1 v.5
399 Ò Ud-v 32.62, Bhikùuvargaþ
400 Ò Ud-v 32.63, Bhikùuvargaþ
401 Ò Ud-v 32.64, Bhikùuvargaþ
402 Ò Sn 1.1 v.1
403 Ò Ud-v 32.65, Bhikùuvargaþ
404 Ò Sn 1.1 v.2
405 Ò Ud-v 32.57, Bhikùuvargaþ
406 Ò Ud-v 32.58, Bhikùuvargaþ
407 cf. Sn 1.1 v.2
408 Ò Ud-v 32.59, Bhikùuvargaþ
409acd Ò Sn 1.1 v.2acd
410 Ò Sn 1.1 v.3
411 Ò Sn 1.1 v.8
412 Ò Sn 1.1 v.9
413 Ò Sn 1.1 v.16
414a Ò Sn 1.1 v.15a; bcd Ò Sn 1. 1 v.14bcd

This chapter is not found in the Pàëi collection, but at the beginning of Suttanipàta, which is another collection of verse texts.
Again the parallels from Udànavarga in this chapter are all variations on verses that are also found in the Pàëi that have arisen through keyword substitution (for a detailed study of this material please see the Uraga Verses elsewhere on this website).
Note that the name of this chapter is not found in the manuscript, and has been employed by Cone by following Roth's suggestion.

A Further Consideration

Having now examined in some detail the contents of the Patna collection it appears clear that the chapters where there are strong parallels to the titles in the Pàëi are also the most cohesive as collections. The chapters in Patna many times appear to have been rather loosely collected and titled, and, as I have suggested in the notes, a number of the chapters might have found better titles if the redactors had paid more attention to collocation or theme.

It may be that when collecting material the organising principles were not properly understood in some of the schools, like the one Patna belongs to, and that the rubrics may have become more or less arbitrary. This would then account for the divergence in the titling that we now find in the various rescensions.

last updated: October 2007