Appendix: More Udànas

2: The Exclamatory Udànas

 

In illustration of the exclamatory group we may cite the following passages, beginning with the same group of devatàs who, on another occassion approached the Buddha, after his foot had been cut by a stone, and uttered the following exclamations (Devatàsaüyutta SN 1.38):

Atha kho sattasatà Satullapakàyikà devatàyo abhikkantàya rattiyà abhikkantavaõõà kevalakappaü Maddakucchiü obhàsetvà yena Bhagavà tenupasaïkamiüsu, upasaïkamitvà Bhagavantaü abhivàdetvà ekam-antaü aññhaüsu.

Ekam-antaü ñhità kho ekà devatà Bhagavato santike imaü udànaü udànesi:

ßNàgo vata bho samaõo Gotamo; nàgavatà ca samuppannà sàrãrikà vedanà dukkhà tibbà kharà kañukà asàtà amanàpà sato sampajàno adhivàseti avihaÿÿamànoû ti.

Atha kho aparà devatà Bhagavato santike imaü udànaü udànesi:

ßSãho vata bho samaõo Gotamo; sãhavatà ca samuppannà sàrãrikà vedanà dukkhà tibbà kharà kañukà asàtà amanàpà sato sampajàno adhivàseti avihaÿÿamànoû ti.

Atha kho aparà devatà Bhagavato santike imaü udànaü udànesi:

ßâjànãyo vata bho samaõo Gotamo; àjànãyavatà ca samuppannà sàrãrikà vedanà dukkhà tibbà kharà kañukà asàtà amanàpà sato sampajàno adhivàseti avihaÿÿamànoû ti.

Atha kho aparà devatà Bhagavato santike imaü udànaü udànesi:

ßNisabho vata bho samaõo Gotamo; nisabhavatà ca samuppannà sàrãrikà vedanà dukkhà tibbà kharà kañukà asàtà amanàpà sato sampajàno adhivàseti avihaÿÿamànoû ti.

Atha kho aparà devatà Bhagavato santike imaü udànaü udànesi:

ßDhorayho vata bho samaõo Gotamo; dhorayhavatà ca samuppannà sàrãrikà vedanà dukkhà tibbà kharà kañukà asàtà amanàpà sato sampajàno adhivàseti avihaÿÿamànoû ti.

Atha kho aparà devatà Bhagavato santike imaü udànaü udànesi:

ßDanto vata bho samaõo Gotamo; dantavatà ca samuppannà sàrãrikà vedanà dukkhà tibbà kharà kañukà asàtà amanàpà sato sampajàno adhivàseti avihaÿÿamànoû ti.

Atha kho aparà devatà Bhagavato santike imaü udànaü udànesi:

ßPassa samàdhiü subhàvitaü cittaÿ-ca suvimuttaü, na càbhinataü na càpanataü na ca sasaïkhàraniggayhavàritagataü. Yo evaråpaü purisanàgaü purisasãhaü purisa-àjànãyaü purisanisabhaü purisadhorayhaü purisadantaü atikkamitabbaü maÿÿeyya kim-aÿÿatra adassanàû ti.

These udànas are followed by verses, but they are not described as udànas.


In the Saïgãtisutta of Dãghanikàya, Ven. Sàriputta attributes the following exclamation to the âbhassarà devas, in a list of 3 happy rebirths (DN.33, Saïgãtisutta):

Santàvuso, sattà sukhena abhisannà parisannà paripårà paripphuñà, te kadàci karahaci udànaü udànenti: ßAho sukhaü, aho sukhanû-ti, seyyathàpi devà âbhassarà.


Ven. Bhaddajã also knew about this exclamation of the âbhassarà devas, which he called the greatest of things that are heard (AN.V.XVII.10): 01

Atthàvuso âbhassarà nàma devà sukhena abhisannà parisannà, te kadàci karahaci udànaü udànenti: ßAho sukhaü, aho sukhanû-ti! Yo taü saddaü suõàti, idaü savanànaü aggaü.


There are a number of famous Kings who are reported in the discourses as having made similar utterances on various occasions.

First there is the story of the legendary King Okkàka, who uttered the following udàna after hearing how his elder brothers were living in the Himàlayas after he had banished them from the Kingdom. This utterance gives a folk etymology for the name Sakka (DN.3, Ambaññhasutta):

Atha kho ... Ràjà Okkàko udànaü udànesi: ßSakyà vata bho kumàrà, paramasakyà vata bho kumàràû ti. Tad-agge kho pana ... Sakyà paÿÿàyanti so ca nesaü pubbapuriso.


Next we have King Ajàtasattu on a full moon night, at the beginning of Sàmaÿÿaphalasutta (DN.2):

Atha kho Ràjà Màgadho Ajàtasattu Vedehiputto tad-ahuposathe udànaü udànesi: ßRamaõãyà vata bho dosinà ratti, abhiråpà vata bho dosinà ratti, dassanãyà vata bho dosinà ratti, pàsàdikà vata bho dosinà ratti, lakkhaÿÿà vata bho dosinà ratti. Kaü nu khvajja samaõaü và bràhmaõaü và payirupàseyyàma, yaü no payirupàsato cittaü pasãdeyyà?û ti


A little later in the same discourse, the same King, upon meeting the Buddha, surrounded by the monks, who were sitting quietly around him, uttered the following aspiration for his son Udayabhadda (DN.2):

Ekamantaü ñhito kho Ràjà Màgadho Ajàtasattu Vedehiputto tuõhãbhåtaü tuõhãbhåtaü bhikkhusaïghaü anuviloketvà rahadam-iva vippasannaü udànaü udànesi: ßIminà me upasamena Udayabhaddo kumàro samannàgato hotu, yenetarahi upasamena bhikkhusaïgho samannàgatoû ti.


King Mahàsuddassana, after understanding he became so powerful through giving, self-control, and abstinence, uttered the following exclamation (DN.17, Mahàsuddassanasutta):

Atha kho ... Ràjà Mahàsudassano yena Mahàviyåhaü kåñàgàraü tenupasaïkami, upasaïkamitvà Mahàviyåhassa kåñàgàrassa dvàre ñhito udànaü udànesi: ßTiññha kàmavitakka, tiññha byàpàdavitakka, tiññha vihiüsà vitakka. Ettàvatà kàmavitakka, ettàvatà byàpàdavitakka, ettàvatà vihiüsàvitakkàû ti.


The Kosalan King Pasenadi has another udàna attributed to him, which he made after being advised by the Buddha on his eating habits (Kosalasaüyutta SN 3.13):

Atha kho Ràjà Pasenadi Kosalo aparena samayena susallikhitagatto pàõinà gattàni anumajjanto tàyaü velàyaü imaü udànaü udànesi: ßUbhayena vata maü so Bhagavà atthena anukampi, diññhadhammikena ceva atthena samparàyikena càû ti.


Perhaps the simplest udàna in this group is the praise exclamation. Another exclamation is attributed to King Pasenadi of Kosala after hearing a report of a Dhamma exposition from his queen Mallikà (MN.87, Piyajàtikasuttaü):

Atha kho Ràjà Pasenadi Kosalo uññhàyàsanà ekaüsaü uttaràsaïgaü karitvà yena Bhagavà tenaÿjaliü paõàmetvà tikkhattuü udànaü udànesi: ßNamo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassa, namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassa, namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassàû ti.


In Sakkapaÿhasutta (DN.21), the king of the gods Sakka, after attaining sotàpatti utters the same formulaic praise of the Buddha:

Atha kho Sakko devànam-indo pàõinà pathaviü paràmasitvà tikkhattuü udànaü udànesi: ßNamo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassàû ti.


The young bràhmaõã Dhanaÿjànã was want to utter the same exclamation after stumbling, as we can see from two discourses, the first is from Majjhimanikàya (MN.100 Saïgàravasuttaü):

Atha kho Dhanaÿjànã bràhmaõã upakkhalitvà tikkhattuü udànaü udànesi: ßNamo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassa, namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassa, namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassàû ti.

and on another ocassion, recorded in Saüyuttanikàya (Bràhmaõasaüyutta SN 6.1):

Tena kho pana samayena aÿÿatarassa Bhàradvàjagottassa bràhmaõassa Dhanaÿjànã nàma bràhmaõã abhippasannà hoti Buddhe ca Dhamme ca Saïghe ca. Atha kho Dhanaÿjànã bràhmaõã Bhàradvàjagottassa bràhmaõassa bhattaü upasaüharanti upakkhalitvà tikkhattuü udànaü udànesi: ÃŸNamo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassa, namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassa, namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassàû ti.


Bràhmaõas were also want to give vent to the same praise in different situations, with additional reflections to follow. We may cite first âràmadaõóa who uttered the following after hearing a Dhamma teaching from Mahàkaccàyana, which finished by extolling the qualities of the Buddha (AN. II.iv.6): 02

Evaü vutte âràmadaõóo bràhmaõo uññhàyàsanà ekaüsaü uttaràsaïgaü karitvà dakkhiõaü Jàõumaõóalaü pathaviyaü nihantvà, yena Bhagavà tenaÿjaliü paõàmetvà tikkhattuü udànaü udànesi: ßNamo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassa, namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassa, namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassa.

Yo hi so Bhagavà imaÿ-ceva kàmaràgàbhinivesavinibandhapaligedhapariyuññhànajjhosànaü samatikkanto, imaÿ-ca diññhiràgàbhinivesavinibandhapaligedhapariyuññhànajjhosànaü samatikkantoû ti.


Next the bràhmaõa Kàraõapàëã, after hearing about the qualities of the Buddha from another bràhmaõa Piïgiyàni, which is followed by the going-for-refuge formula for a lay follower, which occurs many times in the discourses (AN. V.xx.4):

Evaü vutte Kàraõapàlã bràhmaõo uññhàyàsanà ekaüsaü uttaràsaïgaü karitvà, dakkhiõaü Jàõumaõóalaü pathaviyaü nihantvà, yena Bhagavà tenaÿjaliü paõàmetvà tikkhattuü udànaü udànesi: ßNamo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassa, namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassa, namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassà ti.

Abhikkantaü bho Piïgiyàni! Abhikkantaü bho Piïgiyàni! Seyyathàpi bho Piïgiyàni, nikkujjitaü và ukkujjeyya pañicchannaü và vivareyya, måëhassa và maggaü àcikkheyya andhakàre và telapajjotaü dhàreyya, cakkhumanto råpàni dakkhantã ti; evam-evaü bhotà Piïgiyàninà anekapariyàyena Dhammo pakàsito. Esàhaü bho Piïgiyàni taü bhavantaü Gotamaü saraõaü gacchàmi, Dhammaÿ-ca bhikkhusaïghaÿ-ca. Upàsakaü maü bhavaü Piïgiyànã dhàretu, ajjatagge pàõupetaü saraõaü gatanû-ti.


The bràhmaõa Brahmàyu, is also reported as making the same praise, together with an aspiration to meet the Buddha, after hearing that he bore the 32 Marks of a Great Man (mahàpurisalakkhaõaü) from his student Uttara (Brahmàyusuttaü, MN.91):

Evaü vutte, Brahmàyu bràhmaõo uññhàyàsanà ekaüsaü uttaràsaïgaü karitvà, yena Bhagavà tenaÿjaliü paõàmetvà tikkhattuü udànaü udàneti: ßNamo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassa, namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassa, namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassà ti.

Appeva nàma mayaü kadàci karahaci tena bhotà Gotamena samàgaccheyyàma, appeva nàma siyà kocid-eva kathàsallàpoû ti!


Another bràhmaõà Jàõussoõi, after hearing about the qualities of the Buddha, first praised him in the formula previously cited and then made a similar aspiration (Cåëahatthipadopamasuttaü, MN.27):

Evaü vutte, Jàõussoõi bràhmaõo sabbasetà vaëavàbhirathà orohitvà ekaüsaü uttaràsaïgaü karitvà, yena Bhagavà tenaÿjaliü paõàmetvà tikkhattuü udànaü udànesi: ßNamo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassa, namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassa, namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassa.

Appeva nàma mayam-pi kadàci karahaci tena bhotà Gotamena saddhiü samàgaccheyyàma, appeva nàma siyà kocid-eva kathàsallàpoû ti!


On another occasion the same bràhmaõa uttered an exclamatory udàna after hearing a short report of a Dhamma exposition by the young bràhmaõa Subha, this time without the praise formula (MN.99, Subhasuttaü):

Evaü vutte, Jàõussoõi bràhmaõo sabbasetà vaëavàbhirathà orohitvà ekaüsaü uttaràsaïgaü karitvà, yena Bhagavà tenaÿjaliü paõàmetvà udànaü udànesi: ßLàbhà Raÿÿo Pasenadissa Kosalassa, suladdhalàbhà Raÿÿo Pasenadissa Kosalassa yassa vijite Tathàgato viharati Arahaü Sammàsambuddhoû ti.


The bràhmaõa priest to Brahmadatta, King of Kàsi, is also reported as having uttered an exclamation after seeing the queen of Kosala approaching (Kosambakakkhandhaka, Kosambakavivàdakathà):

Atha kho, bhikkhave, Dãghãtissa Kosalaraÿÿo Mahesã yena Brahmadattassa Kàsiraÿÿo purohito bràhmaõo tenupasaïkami. Addasà kho, bhikkhave, Brahmadattassa Kàsiraÿÿo purohito bràhmaõo Dãghãtissa Kosalaraÿÿo Mahesiü dårato va àgacchantiü, disvàna uññhàyàsanà ekaüsaü uttaràsaïgaü karitvà, yena Dãghãtissa Kosalaraÿÿo Mahesã tenaÿjaliü paõàmetvà tikkhattuü udànaü udànesi: ßKosalaràjà vata bho kucchigato, Kosalaràjà vata bho kucchigatoû ti.


As another in this group of udànas we can cite the words of the wanderer Vekhanassa to the Buddha, which were used to open a discussion on the subject of the highest beauty (MN.80, Vekhanassasutta):

Ekamantaü ñhito kho Vekhanaso paribbàjako Bhagavato santike udànaü udànesi: ßAyaü paramo vaõõo, ayaü paramo vaõõoû ti.


The Licchavi Mahànàma, after a group of Licchavis out hunting had abandoned their hunt to sit near the Buddha, uttered the following exclamation (AN.V.vi.8):

Tena kho pana samayena Mahànàmo Licchavi Mahàvane jaïghàvihàraü anucaïkamamàno addasa te Licchavikumàrake tuõhãbhåte tuõhãbhåte paÿjalike Bhagavantaü payirupàsante; disvà yena Bhagavà tenupasaïkami, upasaïkamitvà Bhagavantaü abhivàdetvà ekam-antaü nisãdi. Ekamantaü nisinno kho Mahànàmo Licchavi udànaü udànesi: ßBhavissanti Vajjã, bhavissanti Vajjãû ti!


The young man of good family Yasa, after seeing the state of his dishevelled dancing girls as they slept, expressed his distress in the following words (Vinaya Mahàvagga, Pabbajàkathà):

Disvànassa àdãnavo pàtur-ahosi, nibbidàya cittaü saõñhàsi. Atha kho Yaso kulaputto udànaü udànesi: ßUpaddutaü vata bho, upassaññhaü vata bhoû ti.


On a couple of occasions the Auspicious One is also reported as having made similar exclamatory udànas. The first is before giving an exposition on the subject of becoming (Khandhasaüyutta SN.55):

Sàvatthinidànaü. Tatra kho Bhagavà udànaü udànesi: ßNo cassaü, no ca me siyà, nàbhavissa, na me bhavissatã ti, evaü adhimuccamàno bhikkhu chindeyya orambhàgiyàni saüyojanànãû ti.


The Buddha also uttered what is probably the most famous of these exclamatory utterances, after Ven. Koõóaÿÿa had attained sotàpatti after hearing the 1stdiscourse (Vinaya Mahàvagga, Paÿcavaggiyakathà Saccasaüyutta 56.11) (for a full translation of this discourse, see Dhammacakkappavattanasuttaü elsewhere on this website):

Atha kho Bhagavà imaü udànaü udànesi: ßAÿÿàsi vata bho Koõóaÿÿo, aÿÿàsi vata bho Koõóaÿÿoû ti! Iti hidaü àyasmato Koõóaÿÿassa `Aÿÿàsi Koõóaÿÿo' tveva nàmaü ahosã ti.


Given the fact that this udàna obviously does close a very important episode in the life of the Buddha, and that the Udàna collection seems to have been partly organized around the life story of the Buddha, as we have suggested in the Introduction, it is perhaps odd that it didn't find it's way into the Udàna collection itself, perhaps because the redactors themselves understood the difference between the exclamatory and exalted type of udàna.

 

last updated: March 2006