1-17: Masculine Gender with -o at the end

O-kāranta pulliṅgo go-saddo vuccate
The Masculine Gender with -o at the end
is illustrated with the declinable word go There is only one noun in this class. There are three stems on which the forms are being declined, which accounts for the multiplicity of forms in this declension. The historical stem is gāva, which gives rise to go and all the other forms in gāv-. On a new stem, gava, all the forms in gav- have been formed. And the following are being declined on the stem goṇa: goṇo, goṇaṁ, goṇe, and goṇānaṁ.⁰¹

singular:	plural:	case:
-o	-o	nomimative - paṭhamā
-o	-o	vocative - (paṭhamā)
-uṁ -aṁ	-o -e	accusative - dutiyā
-ena	-ohi -obhi -ehi -ebhi	instrumental - tatiyā
-assa	-aṁ -ānaṁ	dative - catutthī
-ā -asmā -amhā	-ohi -obhi -ehi -ebhi	ablative - pañcamī
-assa -ānaṁ	-aṁ -ānaṁ	genitive - chaṭṭhī
-e -asmiṁ -amhi	-osu -esu	locative - sattamī

Go usabho ujuṁ gacchati (nom. sing.)
Gavo usabho ujuṁ gacchati
Goṇo usabho ujuṁ gacchati
The bull went straight ahead

Bho go usabhā! Ujuṁ gacchāhi (voc. sing.)
Bho gavo usabhā! Ujuṁ gacchāhi
Bho goṇo usabhā! Ujuṁ gacchāhi
Good bull! You must go straight ahead

Bho gāvo usabhā! Ujuṁ gacchatha (voc. sing.)
Good bulls! You must go straight ahead

Gāvuṁ vajaṁ rundhati gopālo (acc. sing.)
Gāvaṁ vajaṁ rundhati gopālo
Gavaṁ vajaṁ rundhati gopālo
Goṇaṁ vajaṁ rundhati gopālo
The cow-herder rounded the cow up in the cow pen

Gāvo vaje rundhanti gopālā (acc. plur.)
Goṇe vaje rundhanti gopālā
The cow-herders rounded the cows up in the cow pens

Gāvena sakaṭo ānīyate (agent. inst. sing.)
Gavena sakaṭo ānīyate
The cart was drawn by the cow

Gohi sakaṭā ānīyante (agent. inst. plur.)
Gāvehi sakaṭā ānīyante
Gavehi sakaṭā ānīyante
The carts were drawn by the cows

Gāvena gomiko jīvikaṁ kappeti (inst. sing.)
Gavena gomiko jīvikaṁ kappeti
Because of the cow the rancher earned a living

Gohi gomikā jīvikaṁ kappenti (inst. plur.)
Gāvehi gomikā jīvikaṁ kappenti
Gavehi gomikā jīvikaṁ kappenti
Because of the cows the ranchers earned a living

Gāvassa tiṇaṁ dadāti gopālo (dat. sing.)
Gavassa tiṇaṁ dadāti gopālo
The cow-herder gives grass to the cow

Gonaṁ tiṇaṁ dadanti gopālā (dat. plur.)
Gavaṁ tiṇaṁ dadanti gopālā
Gunnaṁ tiṇaṁ dadanti gopālā
Goṇānaṁ tiṇaṁ dadanti gopālā
The cow-hearder gives grass to the cows

Gāvā usabhasmā bhayaṁ upjajjati (abl. sing.)
Gavā usabhasmā bhayaṁ upjajjati
Gāvasmā usabhasmā bhayaṁ upjajjati
Gavasmā usabhasmā bhayaṁ upjajjati
Gāvamhā usabhasmā bhayaṁ upjajjati
Gavamhā usabhasmā bhayaṁ upjajjati
From the bull fear arises

Gohi usabhehi bhayāni jāyanti (abl. plur.)
Gāvehi usabhehi bhayāni jāyanti
Gavehi usabhehi bhayāni jāyanti
From the bulls fear arises

Gāvassa usabhassa dhavalo guṇo (gen. sing.)
Gavassa usabhassa dhavalo guṇo
The bull is white in colour

Gonaṁ usabhānaṁ guṇā pamāṇaṁ (gen. plur.)
Gavaṁ usabhānaṁ guṇā pamāṇaṁ
Gunnaṁ usabhānaṁ guṇā pamāṇaṁ
Goṇānaṁ usabhassa guṇo pamāṇaṁ
The bulls are a good size

Gāve usabhe gomiko pasīdati (loc. sing.)
Gave usabhe gomiko pasīdati
Gāvasmiṁ usabhe gomiko pasīdati
Gavasmiṁ usabhe gomiko pasīdati
Gāvamhi usabhe gomiko pasīdati
Gavamhi usabhe gomiko pasīdati
The rancher has confidence in the bull

Gosu usabhesu gomikā pasīdanti (loc. plur.)
Gāvesu usabhesu gomikā pasīdanti
Gavesu usabhesu gomikā pasīdanti
The ranchers have confidence in the bulls

Iti Navapadamañjariyā Pulliṅganāmānaṁ
Such are the Masculine Nouns in the New Collection of Sentences