A Comparison of the Pali and Patna Collections

A Comparison of the Pāḷi and Patna Collections

In this edition of the Patna Dharmapada there are altogether 414 verses, as opposed to 423 in the Pāḷi rescension, distributed between 22 chapters, which is four less than the Pāḷi collection. The line count, however, is almost identical: there are 1733 lines in the Pāḷi Dhammapada and 1734 in Patna Dharmapada.

As we will see in the detailed listings below there are good parallels to 285 of the verses in the Pāḷi collection (69%), and partial parallels to a further 34 (which would push the percentage upto 77%). I have only included in this list those that have at least 2 lines parallel. Besides these there are also partial parallels to a number of other verses that have arisen through keyword substitution.

There are also 45 verses that have parallels in other Pāḷi collections (11%), and 5 that are partial parallels (altogether 12%). The number here would be higher but I have only listed one parallel to each verse, even when more exist. They were chosen from a hierarchy preferring the Pāḷi Dhammapada itself, then the other verse collections, and only if those failed did I bring in parallels from elsewhere. These include:

Vinaya Cullavaggo, 213
Majjhimanikāya, 99
Sagāthavagga, 78, 182, 183, 248, 249, 250, 251, 311, (332), (337), (369)
Aṅguttaranikāya, 12, 13, 25, 370
Udāna, 88, 89
Itivuttaka, 42, 141, 42, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 246, 247, 252
Suttanipāta, 42, 299, 300, 301, 302
Theragāthā, 227, 339, 340, 341
Jātaka, 109, 212, 220, 221, 222, 223, 298, (303, 304, 305).

If we put these statistics together we can see that 330 verses (80%) in Patna have their counterparts somewhere in the Pāḷi texts; and there are a further 39 verses that are partially parallel. When we add that number in the percentage rises to 89%. And besides these some of the remaining verses are simply variations of existing verses with keyword substitution.

The verses are fairly evenly distributed between the chapters, with the shortest being the Śokavarggaḥ at 12 verses, and the longest the Kalyāṇīvarggaḥ, which has 25 (the average is 18 verses to a chapter). This contrasts with the Dhammapada collection, where the shortest chapters are only 10 verses long (Arahantavagga, Attavagga), and the longest 41 (Brāhmaṇavagga). In outline we can list the chapters here:

1: Jamavarggaḥ, In these studies I give the chapter title in the long form it has at the end of each chapter. 13 verses (cf. 1: Yamakavaggo, 20 verses)
2: Apramādavarggaḥ, 20 verses (cf. 2: Appamādavaggo, 12 verses)
3: Brāhmaṇavarggaḥ, 16 verses (cf. 26: Brāhmaṇavaggo, 41 verses)
4: Bhikṣuvarggaḥ, 15 verses (cf. 25: Bhikkhuvaggo, 23 verses)
5: Atthavarggaḥ, 19 verses
6: Śokavarggaḥ, 12 verses
7: Kalyāṇīvarggaḥ, 25 verses
8: Puṣpavarggaḥ, 16 verses (cf. 4: Pupphavaggo, 15 verses)
9: Tahnavarggaḥ, 20 verses (cf. 24: Taṇhāvaggo, 26 verses)
10: Malavarggaḥ, 17 verses (cf. 18: Malavaggo, 21 verses)
11: Bālavarggaḥ, 21 verses (cf. 5: Bālavaggo, 16 verses)
12: Daṇḍavarggaḥ, 21 verses (cf. 10: Daṇḍavaggo, 17 verses)
13: Śaraṇavarggaḥ, 23 verses
14: Khāntivarggaḥ, 22 verses
15: Āsavavarggaḥ, 17 verses
16: Vācāvarggaḥ, 28 verses
17: Āttavarggaḥ, 21 verses (cf. 12: Attavaggo, 10 verses)
18: Dadantīvarggaḥ, 15 verses
19: Cittavarggaḥ, 18 verses (cf. 3: Cittavaggo, 12 verses)
20: Māggavarggaḥ, 18 verses (cf. 20: Maggavaggo, 17 verses)
21: Sahasravarggaḥ, 22 verses (cf. 8: Sahassavaggo, 16 verses)
22: Uragavarggaḥ, 17 verses (cf. Uragasuttaṁ, Sn 1.1 17 verses)

We can see from this that only 13 of the chapter titles, or the rubrics under which the collections have been made, agree between the two rescensions. But even when the titles agree the contents may vary widely. For instance in Patna the Brāhmaṇavarggaḥ has only 16 verses, while in the Pāḷi it is the longest by far with 41 verses; on the other hand the Pāḷi Attavaggo has only 10 verses, while the Patna redactors have collected 21 verses under that rubric.

Here I give the chapters and their parallels in detail together with observations on the material and its collection:

1: Jamavarggaḥ, 13 verses, (≈ 1: Yamakavaggo, 20 verses)

1 ≈ Dhp 1
2 ≈ Dhp 2
3 ≈ Dhp 15
4ab ≈ Dhp 16ab; cd ≈ Dhp 18cd
5 ≈ Dhp 3
6 ≈ Dhp 4
7 ≈ Dhp 7
8 ≈ Dhp 8
9 ≈ Dhp 328, Nāgavaggo
10 ≈ Dhp 329, Nāgavaggo
11 ≈ Dhp 330, Nāgavaggo
12 ≈ Aṅg Bk. 4. 17
13 ≈ Aṅg Bk. 4. 18

There are 10 good parallels from the Pāḷi Dhammapada collection as a whole, and one partial parallel.
Only 8 of the 20 verses found in the Pāḷi Yamakavagga have found their way into the Patna collection, although 12 more are found under different rubrics spread throughout the rest of the collection.
The odd number of verses in the chapter of doublets is because of the inclusion of verse 11, which has been attracted into the collection because of a similarity in the vocabulary.
There are two verses at the end which are not found in the Pāḷi Dhammapada, and as we will see it often happens that verses that have no parallel in the Dhammapada appear to have been tagged on at the end of the chapters.

2: Apramādavarggaḥ, 20 verses (≈ 2: Appamādavaggo, 12 verses)

14 ≈ Dhp 21
15 ≈ Dhp 22
16 ≈ Dhp 23
17 ≈ Dhp 26
18 ≈ Dhp 29
19 ≈ Dhp 28
20 ≈ Dhp 172, Lokavaggo
21ab ≈ Dhp 172ab, Lokavaggo; cd ≈ Sn 4.1 v.3cd
22 ≈ Dhp 32
23 ≈ Dhp 31
24 ≈ Dhp 327, Nāgavaggo
25 ≈ Aṅg Bk. 6 30 v. 3
26ab cf. Dhp 27; c-f ≈ Iti 37
27 ≈ Dhp 168, Lokavaggo
28 ≈ Dhp 24
29 ≈ Dhp 25
30 ≈ Dhp 280, Maggavaggo
31 ≈ Dhp 167, Lokavaggo
32 ≈ Dhp 259, Dhammaṭṭhavaggo
33bcd ≈ Dhp 371bcd, Bhikkhuvaggo

There are 16 parallels, and 3 partial parallels from the Pāḷi Dhammapada in this chapter.
All but one of the verses in the Pāḷi collection are also found in Patna (the one that is missing number 30, is not found in any of the other chapters either).
This chapter is considerably longer than its Pāḷi counterpart.

3: Brāhmaṇavarggaḥ, 16 verses (≈ 26: Brāhmaṇavaggo, 41 verses)

34 ≈ Dhp 383
35acd ≈ Dhp 392acd
36abd ≈ Dhp 392abd
37ab ≈ Dhp 393ab
38 ≈ Dhp 401
39 ≈ Dhp 387
40 ≈ Dhp 385
41 ≈ Dhp 384
42ab cf. Iti 96 v.3ab; cd ≈ Sn 3.12 v. 26cd
43 ≈ Dhp 408
44 ≈ Dhp 404
45 ≈ Dhp 391
46 ≈ Dhp 389
47 ≈ Dhp 294
48 ≈ Dhp 403
49 ≈ Dhp 386

There are 12 parallels and 3 partial parallels from Pāḷi Dhammapada.
This chapter is very much shorter than it is in the Pāḷi collection.
All but one of the verses in this chapter also occur in the parallel chapter.

4: Bhikṣuvarggaḥ, 15 verses (≈ 25: Bhikkhuvaggo, 23 verses)

50 ≈ Dhp 361c-f
51 ≈ Dhp 361
52 ≈ Dhp 362
53 ≈ Dhp 378
54 ≈ Dhp 363
55 ≈ Dhp 365
56 ≈ Dhp 366
57 ≈ Dhp 369
58a ≈ Ud-v 32.23
59a-d ≈ Dhp 368; ef cf. Dhp 23cd
60 ≈ Dhp 373
61 ≈ Dhp 374
62 ≈ Dhp 372
63 ≈ Dhp 375
64a-e ≈ Dhp 376a-e; f ≈ Sn 1039d

There are 13 parallels and two partial parallels from the Dhammapada.
Similarly this chapter has many less verses than the Pāḷi collection.
And again all but one of the verses occur under the same rubric in the Pāḷi.

5: Atthavarggaḥ, 19 verses

65 ≈ Dhp 331, Nāgavaggo
66 ≈ Dhp 332, Nāgavaggo
67ab ≈ Dhp 333ab, Nāgavaggo
68 ≈ Dhp 194, Buddhavaggo
69 ≈ Dhp 206, Sukhavaggo
70 ≈ Dhp 207, Sukhavaggo
71 ≈ Dhp 208, Sukhavaggo
72 ≈ Dhp 212, Piyavaggo
73 ≈ Dhp 210, Piyavaggo
74 ≈ Dhp 211, Piyavaggo
75 ≈ Dhp 203, Sukhavaggo
76 ≈ Dhp 204, Sukhavaggo
77 ≈ Dhp 290, Pakiṇṇakavaggo
78 ≈ Kosalasaṁyuttaṁ 2.3 v.1
79 ≈ Dhp 193, Buddhavaggo
80 ≈ Dhp 83, Paṇḍitavaggo
81 ≈ Dhp 201, Sukhavaggo
82cd cf. Dhp 333cd, Nāgavaggo
83 ≈ Ud-v 30.23

There are 15 parallels and two partial parallels from Pāḷi Dhp.
Atthavarggaḥ does not seem to be a very apt title for this chapter, and on the basis of collocation it may have been better named as the Sukhavarggaḥ, as that word occurs in 14 of the verses, and a number of the other are related through the synonym priya.
The last verse has no parallel in the Pāḷi texts, but a parallel is found in the Udānavarga.

6: Śokavarggaḥ, 12 verses

84 ≈ Ud 8.8
85 ≈ Ud 8.8
86 ≈ Dhp 90, Arahantavaggo
87 ≈ Dhp 92ab-ef, Arahantavaggo
88 ≈ Dhp 96, Arahantavaggo
89 ≈ Dhp 94, Arahantavaggo
90 ≈ Dhp 321, Nāgavaggo
91 ≈ Dhp 322, Nāgavaggo
92cd ≈ Dhp 323cd, Nāgavaggo
93 ≈ Dhp 81, Paṇḍitavaggo
94 ≈ Dhp 9, Yamakavaggo
95 ≈ Dhp 10, Yamakavaggo

There are 9 parallels and one partial parallel from the Dhammapada.
There is no equivalent rubric to this chapter in the Pāḷi rescension. Only the first three verses mention śoka, and the rest seem to have nothing to do with the theme, so that it is again quite inapt.
Other verses in Patna, however, do mention śoka or śocati, see 3, 19, 71, 138, 139, 140, 25, 70, 100, and 240.
A better title on the grounds of theme, might have been the Arihantavarggaḥ.

7: Kalyāṇīvarggaḥ, 25 verses

96 ≈ Dhp 116, Pāpavaggo
97 ≈ Dhp 117, Pāpavaggo
98 ≈ Dhp 118, Pāpavaggo
99 ≈ M 7 vs. 3
100ab ≈ Dhp 314ab, Nirayavaggo; cd cf. 17cd, Yamakavaggo
101ab ≈ Dhp 314cd, Nirayavaggo; cd cf. 18cd, Yamakavaggo
102 ≈ Dhp 119, Pāpavaggo
103 ≈ Dhp 120, Pāpavaggo
104 cf. Dhp 119, Pāpavaggo
105 cf. Dhp 120, Pāpavaggo
106 ≈ Dhp 124, Pāpavaggo
107 ≈ Dhp 71, Bālavaggo
108 ≈ Ud-v 9.18a-d
109 ≈ Jā 466 v. 36
110 ≈ Devaputtasaṁyuttaṁ, 3.2 v. 4
111 ≈ Devaputtasaṁyuttaṁ, 3.2 v. 5
112 ≈ Devaputtasaṁyuttaṁ, 3.2 v. 6
113 ≈ Dhp 307, Nirayavaggo
114 ≈ Dhp 306, Nirayavaggo
115 ≈ Dhp 125, Pāpavaggo
116 ≈ Dhp 123, Pāpavaggo
117 ≈ Dhp 291, Pakiṇṇakavaggo
118
119
120

There are 14 parallels and two partial parallels from the Dhammapada.
The title of this chapter does not appear in the Pāḷi, and Kallāṇ- only appears in the first verse here.
Other verses in the Patna collection, however, do mention kallāṇ-, cf. 64, 303, 304, 305, 347.
On the grounds of word collocation Pāpavarggaḥ might have been a better title, as that word occurs in 96, 97, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 113, 115, and 116.
If it was named after its theme we might have expected it to be called Kaṁmavarggaḥ.
At the end there are three matrācchandas verses tagged on, that have no parallel in any of the other Dharmapadāni collections. They also do not appear to have much to do with the theme, and do not mention pāpa either, so that they seem to be intrusive.

8: Puṣpavarggaḥ, 16 verses (≈ 4: Pupphavaggo, 15 verses)

121 ≈ Dhp 54
122 ≈ Dhp 55
123 ≈ Dhp 56
124 ≈ Dhp 57
125 ≈ Dhp 51
126 ≈ Dhp 52
127 ≈ Dhp 49
128 ≈ Dhp 47
129 ≈ Dhp 48
130 ≈ Dhp 53
131 ≈ Dhp 44
132 ≈ Dhp 45
133 ≈ Dhp 377, Bhikkhuvaggo
134 ≈ Dhp 46
135 ≈ Dhp 58
136 ≈ Dhp 59

This is the chapter that is closest in the two rescensions, with all but one of the Pāḷi verses also occurring in this collection (verse 50 appears elsewhere in the Āttavarggaḥ as a parallel to Patna verse 309), and only one verse occurs here that is not found in the parallel chapter.

9: Tahnavarggaḥ, 20 verses (≈ 24: Taṇhāvaggo, 26 verses)

137 ≈ Dhp 334
138 ≈ Dhp 335
139 ≈ Dhp 336
140a-d ≈ Dhp 337a-d; for ef cf. 216cd
141 ≈ Iti 15.1
142 ≈ Iti 15.2
143 ≈ Dhp 345
144 ≈ Dhp 346
145 ≈ Dhp 186, Buddhavaggo
146 ≈ Dhp 187, Buddhavaggo
147 ≈ Dhp 352
148 ≈ Dhp 341
149 ≈ Dhp 342
150 ≈ Dhp 348
151 ≈ Dhp 344
152 ≈ Dhp 356
153 ≈ Dhp 357
154 ≈ Dhp 358
155 ≈ Dhp 99, Arahantavaggo
156 ≈ Dhp 338

There are 17 parallels from Pāḷi Dhp.
This is again a good parallel to the Pāḷi collection, with 15 of the verses in the latter also occurring here.
There is strong word collocation throughout the chapter.

10: Malavarggaḥ, 17 verses (≈ 18: Malavaggo, 21 verses)

157 ≈ Dhp 241
158 ≈ Dhp 242
159 ≈ Dhp 243
160 ≈ Dhp 240
161 ≈ Dhp 235
162b cf. Dhp 239cd; cd ≈ Dhp 236cd
163 ≈ Dhp 239
164 ≈ Dhp 244
165 ≈ Dhp 245
166 ≈ Dhp 252
167 ≈ Dhp 163, Attavaggo
168ab ≈ Dhp 163ab, Attavaggo
169ab ≈ Dhp 316ab; c-f ≈ 317, Nirayavaggo
170 ≈ Dhp 318, Nirayavaggo
171 ≈ Dhp 11, Yamakavaggo
172 ≈ Dhp 12, Yamakavaggo
173 ≈ Dhp 209, Piyavaggo

There are 14 parallels and three partial parallels from Pāḷi Dhp.
The first 10 verses find parallels in the Pāḷi Malavaggo, but the rest are found elsewhere in the collection.
As in the Pāḷi, the collection of these verses has been made through consideration of the theme of impurity (mala, saṁkiliṣṭa, vajja, etc.) which runs throughout the chapter.

11: Bālavarggaḥ, 21 verses (≈ 5: Bālavaggo, 16 verses)

174 ≈ Dhp 66
175 ≈ Dhp 67
176 ≈ Dhp 68
177 ≈ Dhp 72
178 ≈ Dhp 73
179 ≈ Dhp 74a-d
180 ≈ Dhp 74 ef, 75 ab
181 ≈ Dhp 75 c-f
182 ≈ Brāhmaṇasaṁyuttaṁ 1.3
183 ≈ Sakkasaṁyuttaṁ 1.4 v. 8
184 ≈ Dhp 63
185 ≈ Dhp 60
186 ≈ Iti 76.5
187 ≈ Iti 76.6
188 ≈ Iti 76.2
189 ≈ Iti 76.4
190 ≈ Iti 76.7 a-d
191 ≈ Dhp 64
192 ≈ Dhp 65
193 ≈ Dhp 121, Pāpavaggo
194 ≈ Dhp 122, Pāpavaggo

There are 14 parallels from the Dhammapada.
12 out of the 16 verses in the Pāḷi Bālavaggo find parallels in this chapter.
Notice that the five verses from the Itivuttaka collection occur in a different sequence in the Pāḷi collection.

12: Daṇḍavarggaḥ, 21 verses (≈ 10: Daṇḍavaggo, 17 verses)

195 ≈ Dhp 141
196 ≈ Dhp 142
197 ≈ Dhp 133
198ab cf. Dhp 134ab; cd ≈ Aṅg Bk. 8. 3.9 v.6cd
199 ≈ Dhp 134
200 ≈ Dhp 135
201a ≈ Dhp 135a; c-f ≈ Dhp 315c-f, Nirayavaggo
202 ≈ Dhp 130
203 ≈ Dhp 131
204 ≈ Dhp 132
205a-d ≈ Dhp 78; ef ≈ Dhp 76ef, Paṇḍitavaggo
206 ≈ Dhp 76, Paṇḍitavaggo
207 ≈ Dhp 77, Paṇḍitavaggo
208 ≈ Devatāsaṁyuttaṁ 4.2 v. 7
209 ≈ Dhp 152, Jarāvaggo
210 ≈ Dhp 309, Nirayavaggo
211a-c ≈ Dhp 310a-c, Nirayavaggo; for line d cf. Jā 457, 470, 488, etc.
212d ≈ Jā 467.4 d
213 ≈ Vin. Cv. Saṅghabhedakakkhandakaṁ, Nālāgiripesanaṁ, vs. 1
214
215 ≈ Dhp 320, Nāgavaggo

There are 13 parallels and four partial parallels from the Pāḷi Dhammapada.
Although this chapter is longer than its Pāḷi equivalent, less than half of the Pāḷi verses found in that chapter are paralleled here.
There appears to be no parallel to verse 214 in the ancient traditions.

13: Śaraṇavarggaḥ, 23 verses

216 ≈ Dhp 188, Buddhavaggo
217 ≈ Dhp 189, Buddhavaggo
218 ≈ Dhp 190, Buddhavaggo
219 ≈ Dhp 192, Buddhavaggo
220 ≈ Jā 334.1
221 ≈ Jā 334.2a-d
222 ≈ Jā 334.3
223 ≈ Jā 334.4a-d
224 ≈ Dhp 169, Lokavaggo
225 cf. Dhp 169, Lokavaggo
226 ≈ Dhp 364, Bhikkhuvaggo
227 ≈ Tha 303
228 cf. Tha 303
229 ≈ Dhp 155, Jarāvaggo
230 ≈ Dhp 156, Jarāvaggo
231 ≈ Dhp 91, Arahantavaggo
232 ≈ Dhp 175, Lokavaggo
233 ≈ Dhp 146, Jarāvaggo
234 ≈ Dhp 315, Nirayavaggo
235 ≈ Dhp 264, Dhammaṭṭhavaggo
236 ≈ Dhp 265, Dhammaṭṭhavaggo
237 ≈ Dhp 339, Taṇhāvaggo
238 ≈ Dhp 221, Kodhavaggo

There are 16 parallels from Pāḷi Dhp.
Only the first four verses mention śaraṇa or seem to have anything to do with that theme. The chapter appears to be quite miscellaneous in character.

14: Khāntivarggaḥ, 22 verses

239 ≈ Dhp 184, Buddhavaggo
240 ≈ Dhp 225, Kodhavaggo
241 ≈ Dhp 300, Pakiṇṇakavaggo
242 ≈ Dhp 301, Pakiṇṇakavaggo
243 ≈ Dhp 299, Pakiṇṇakavaggo
244 ≈ Dhp 181, Buddhavaggo
245 ≈ Dhp 98, Arahantavaggo
246 ≈ Iti 27.2
247 ≈ Iti 27.3, 4
248ab cf. Jā 169 ab; cd ≈ Yakkhasaṁyuttaṁ 4 v. 3cd
249 ≈ Yakkhasaṁyuttaṁ 4 v. 3
250acd ≈ Yakkhasaṁyuttaṁ 4 v. 3; b cf. Dhp 301d, Pakiṇṇakavaggo
251acd ≈ Yakkhasaṁyuttaṁ 4 v. 3; b cf. Dhp 299d, Pakiṇṇakavaggo
252 ≈ Iti 27.5
253 ≈ Dhp 5, Yamakavaggo
254 ≈ Dhp 6, Yamakavaggo
255 ≈ Dhp 197, Sukhavaggo
256 ≈ Dhp 199, Sukhavaggo
257ab ≈ Dhp 200ab, Sukhavaggo
258 ≈ Dhp 170, Lokavaggo
259 ≈ Dhp 148, Jarāvaggo
260a ≈ Tha 73a; d cf. Sn. 44c

There are 17 parallels and one partial parallel from Pāḷi Dhp.
The chapter title (as with the Kalyāṇīvarggaḥ) appears to have taken its name from the keyword in the first line, and the rest of the verses are only vaguely related to the theme.

15: Āsavavarggaḥ, 17 verses

261 ≈ Dhp 85, Paṇḍitavaggo
262 ≈ Dhp 86, Paṇḍitavaggo
263 ≈ Dhp 87, Paṇḍitavaggo
264 ≈ Dhp 88, Paṇḍitavaggo
265 ≈ Dhp 89, Paṇḍitavaggo
266 ≈ Dhp 292, Pakiṇṇakavaggo
267 ≈ Dhp 293, Pakiṇṇakavaggo
268 ≈ Dhp 253, Malavaggo
269bcd ≈ Dhp 226bcd, Kodhavaggo
270 ≈ Dhp 93, Arahantavaggo
271 ≈ Dhp 271, Dhammaṭṭhavaggo
272 ≈ Dhp 272, Dhammaṭṭhavaggo
273 ≈ Ud-v 32.23
274 ≈ Dhp 126, Pāpavaggo
275 ≈ Dhp 82, Paṇḍitavaggo
276 ≈ Dhp 179, Buddhavaggo
277 ≈ Dhp 180, Buddhavaggo

There are 11 parallels and two partial parallels from the Pāḷi Dhammapada.
Word collocation is strong with āsava being mentioned in 265-270 (261-265 form a sequence, which culminates in a mention of the khīṇāsava), 272 (271 and 272 form a pair), 273, and 274.
The last three verses, although they do not mention āsava, are related thematically.

16: Vācāvarggaḥ, 28 verses

278 ≈ Dhp 281, Maggavaggo
279 ≈ Dhp 231, Kodhavaggo
280 ≈ Dhp 232, Kodhavaggo
281 ≈ Dhp 233, Kodhavaggo
282 ≈ Dhp 234, Kodhavaggo
283 ≈ Dhp 227, Kodhavaggo
284 ≈ Dhp 228, Kodhavaggo
285
286 ≈ Dhp 229, Kodhavaggo
287 ≈ Dhp 230, Kodhavaggo
288 ≈ Dhp 262, Dhammaṭṭhavaggo
289ab ≈ Dhp 261ab, cd ≈ Dhp 263cd, Dhammaṭṭhavaggo
290 ≈ Dhp 19, Yamakavaggo
291 ≈ Dhp 20, Yamakavaggo
292 ≈ Dhp 224, Kodhavaggo
293 ≈ Dhp 177, Lokavaggo
294 ≈ Dhp 217, Piyavaggo
295 ≈ Dhp 308, Nirayavaggo
296 ≈ Dhp 311, Nirayavaggo
297 ≈ Dhp 176, Lokavaggo
298 ≈ Jā 331.2
299 ≈ Sn 3.10 v.1
300 ≈ Sn 3.10 v.2
301 ≈ Sn 3.10 v.3
302 ≈ Sn 3.10 v.4
303 cf. Jā 88
304 cf. Jā 88
305ab cf. Jā 88ab

There are 18 parallels and one partial parallel from the Dhammapada.
This is a strong thematic collection based on speech and speaking (vācā-, -bhāṇikam, praśaṁsito, praśaṁsanti, vākkaraṇa-, saccaṁ, bhāṣamāno, saccaṁ bhaṇe, saccavādinaṁ, muṣāvādissa, dubbhāṣitā, bhāṣeyā).
There is no parallel to 285 in any of the rescensions of the Dharmapadāni verses.
The parallels to the last 8 verses of this chapter are from outside the Dhammapada.

17: Āttavarggaḥ, 21 verses (≈ 12: Attavaggo, 10 verses)

306 ≈ Dhp 162
307 ≈ Dhp 161
308 ≈ Dhp 165
309 ≈ Dhp 50, Pupphavaggo
310abc cf. Dhp 50, Pupphavaggo; d ≈ Jā 475 v. 2b
311 ≈ Kosalasaṁyuttaṁ 1.4 vs. 1
312 ≈ Dhp 157
313 ≈ Dhp 305, Pakiṇṇakavaggo
314a-d ≈ Dhp 164a-d; ef ≈ Dhp 162 ef
315 ≈ Dhp 164
316ac ≈ Dhp 158ac
317 ≈ Dhp 158
318 ≈ Dhp 159
319 ≈ Dhp 104, Sahassavaggo
320 ≈ Dhp 105, Sahassavaggo
321 ≈ Dhp 160
322 ≈ Dhp 380, Bhikkhuvaggo
323
324 ≈ Dhp 379, Bhikkhuvaggo
325 ≈ Dhp 166
326 ≈ Dhp 84, Paṇḍitavaggo

There are 17 parallels and three partial parallels from the Dhammapada.
All but one of the verses (163, parallel to Patna 167) found in the Pāḷi Attavaggo are also found in the Āttavarggaḥ.
There is no parallel to verse 323.
Word collocation on ātta has been the organising principle behind this chapter.

18: Dadantīvarggaḥ, 15 verses

327 ≈ Dhp 249, Malavaggo
328 ≈ Dhp 250, Malavaggo
329a-d ≈ Dhp 144, Daṇḍavaggo; ef ≈ Sn 2.9 v. 7cd
330
331 ≈ Dhp 303, Pakiṇṇakavaggo
332 cf. Devatāsaṁyuttaṁ 4.6 v. 1
333 ≈ Dhp 97, Arahantavaggo
334 ≈ Dhp 182, Buddhavaggo
335 ≈ Dhp 38, Cittavaggo
336 ≈ Ud-v 31.25
337abd ≈ Brāhmaṇasaṁyuttaṁ, 2.6 v. 2abd
338bcd ≈ Dhp 178bad, Lokavaggo
339 ≈ Tha 507
340 ≈ Tha 508
341 ≈ Tha 509

There are 6 parallels and one partial parallel from the Dhammapada.
This chapter is apparently named after the first word in the first verse. Most of the verses have no relation to giving.
A more fitting title might have been Śraddhavarggaḥ, as the word śraddha occurs in 8 of the 15 verses, and 2 more can be included as they are in a sequence that does have the word śraddha in it.
There is no parallel to verse 330 in the other rescensions.
Out of the last 6 verses, 5 are from outside the Dhammapada.

19: Cittavarggaḥ, 18 verses (≈ 3: Cittavaggo, 12 verses)

342 ≈ Dhp 33
343 ≈ Dhp 34
344 ≈ Dhp 37
345 ≈ Dhp 35
346 ≈ Dhp 36
347 ≈ Dhp 39
348 ≈ Dhp 79, Paṇḍitavaggo
349 ≈ Dhp 41
350 ≈ Dhp 40
351 ≈ Dhp 13, Yamakavaggo
352 ≈ Dhp 14, Yamakavaggo
353 cf. Ud-v 31.12
354 cf. Ud-v 31.18
355 cf. Ud-v 31.13
356 cf. Ud-v 31.19
357 ≈ Dhp 183, Buddhavaggo

There are 12 parallels from the Pāḷi Dhammapada.
The verse pairs 353 and 354, and 355 and 356 are variations on 351 and 352 that have arisen through keyword substituton.

20: Māggavarggaḥ, 18 verses (≈ 20: Maggavaggo, 17 verses)

358 ≈ Dhp 273
359 ≈ Dhp 275cd and 276
360 ≈ Dhp 274 and 275ab
361 ≈ Dhp 283
362 ≈ Dhp 284
363 ≈ Dhp 285
364 ≈ Dhp 286
365 ≈ Dhp 287
366 ≈ Dhp 288
367
368 cf. Dhp 289; for b cf. Aṅg Bk. 8. 5. 9 v.2b
369ab ≈ Devatāsaṁyuttaṁ, 5.8 v. 3; cd cf. Dhp 289cd
370acd ≈ Aṅg Bk. 8. 5. 9 v.2acd
371
372a ≈ Aṅg Bk. 8. 5. 9 v.2a; cd ≈ Dhp 31cd, Appamādavaggo
373 ≈ Dhp 277
374 ≈ Dhp 279
375 ≈ Dhp 282

There are 12 parallels and two partial parallels from the Pāḷi Dhammapada.
There are no parallels for the verses 367 and 371 in any of the existing collections.

21: Sahasravarggaḥ, 22 verses (≈ 8: Sahassavaggo, 16 verses)

376 ≈ Dhp 100
377 ≈ Dhp 102
378 ≈ Dhp 103
379 ≈ Dhp 106
380 ≈ Dhp 107
381 ≈ Dhp 108
382 ≈ Ud-v 24.21
383 ≈ Ud-v 24.22
384 ≈ Ud-v 24.23
385ab ≈ Dhp 106ab; cd ≈ Dhp 70cd, Bālavaggo
386 ≈ Ud-v 24.17
387 ≈ Ud-v 24.18
388 ≈ Ud-v 24.19
389 ≈ Dhp 70, Bālavaggo
390 ≈ Dhp 110
391 ≈ Dhp 111
392 ≈ Dhp 112
393 ≈ Dhp 113
394 ≈ Dhp 115
395 ≈ Dhp 114
396ac ≈ Dhp 110ac
397 ≈ Ud-v 24.8

There are 13 parallels and two partial parallels from the Pāḷi Dhammapada.
The parallels from Udānavarga in this chapter are all variations on verses also found in the Pāḷi that have arisen through keyword substitution.

22: [Uragavarggaḥ], 17 verses (≈ Uragasuttaṁ, Sn 1.1 17 verses)

398 ≈ Sn 1.1 v.5
399 ≈ Ud-v 32.62, Bhikṣuvargaḥ
400 ≈ Ud-v 32.63, Bhikṣuvargaḥ
401 ≈ Ud-v 32.64, Bhikṣuvargaḥ
402 ≈ Sn 1.1 v.1
403 ≈ Ud-v 32.65, Bhikṣuvargaḥ
404 ≈ Sn 1.1 v.2
405 ≈ Ud-v 32.57, Bhikṣuvargaḥ
406 ≈ Ud-v 32.58, Bhikṣuvargaḥ
407 cf. Sn 1.1 v.2
408 ≈ Ud-v 32.59, Bhikṣuvargaḥ
409acd ≈ Sn 1.1 v.2acd
410 ≈ Sn 1.1 v.3
411 ≈ Sn 1.1 v.8
412 ≈ Sn 1.1 v.9
413 ≈ Sn 1.1 v.16
414a ≈ Sn 1.1 v.15a; bcd ≈ Sn 1. 1 v.14bcd

This chapter is not found in the Pāḷi collection, but at the beginning of Suttanipāta, which is another collection of verse texts.
Again the parallels from Udānavarga in this chapter are all variations on verses that are also found in the Pāḷi that have arisen through keyword substitution (for a detailed study of this material please see the Uraga Verses elsewhere on this website).
Note that the name of this chapter is not found in the manuscript, and has been employed by Cone by following Roth’s suggestion.

A Further Consideration

Having now examined in some detail the contents of the Patna collection it appears clear that the chapters where there are strong parallels to the titles in the Pāḷi are also the most cohesive as collections. The chapters in Patna many times appear to have been rather loosely collected and titled, and, as I have suggested in the notes, a number of the chapters might have found better titles if the redactors had paid more attention to collocation or theme.

It may be that when collecting material the organising principles were not properly understood in some of the schools, like the one Patna belongs to, and that the rubrics may have become more or less arbitrary. This would then account for the divergence in the titling that we now find in the various rescensions.

last updated: October 2007