Tanumajjhā, −−⏑¦⏑−−.

2. Uṇhi having pādas of seven syllables. There is one variety:

Kumāralalitā, ⏑−⏑¦⏑⏑−¦−

 

3. Anuṭṭhubhaṁ having pādas of eight syllables. There are five varieties.

4. Brahati having pādas of nine syllables. There are two varieties.

5. Panti having pādas of ten syllables. There are seven varieties.

6. Tuṭṭhubhaṁ having pādas of eleven syllables. There are eleven varieties.

7. Jagatī Spelt Jagati in the text against its earlier spelling Jagatī. Same with Atijagatī below. having pādas of twelve syllables. There are fourteen varieties.

8. Atijagatī having pādas of thirteen syllables. There are two varieties.

9. Sakkarī having pādas of fourteen syllables. There are three varieties.

10. Atisakkarī fifteen syllables. There are four varieties.

11. Aṭṭhi having pādas of sixteen syllables. There is one variety.

(i) Vāninī, ⏑⏑⏑¦⏑−⏑¦−⏑⏑¦⏑−⏑¦−⏑−¦−.

12. Atyaṭṭhi having pādas of seventeen syllables. There are three varieties.

13. Dhuti having pādas of eighteen syllables. There is one variety.

(i) Kusumitalatāvellitā, −−−¦−−⏑¦⏑⏑⏑¦⏑−−¦⏑−−¦⏑−−.

14. Atidhuti having pādas of nineteen syllables. There are two varieties.

15. Kati having pādas of twenty syllables. There is one variety.

(i) Vutta, −⏑−¦⏑−⏑¦−⏑−¦⏑−⏑¦−⏑−¦⏑−⏑¦−⏑.

16. Pakati having pādas of twenty-one syllables. There is one variety.

(i) Saddharā, −−−¦−⏑−¦−⏑⏑¦⏑⏑⏑¦⏑−−¦⏑−−¦⏑−−.

17. Akati having pādas of twenty-two syllables. There is one variety.

(i) Bhaddaka, −⏑⏑¦−⏑−¦⏑⏑⏑¦−⏑−¦⏑⏑⏑¦−⏑−¦⏑⏑⏑¦−.

 

2. The Addhasama Class

634. In the addhasama class of metres, the first and the third, and the second and fourth pādas are similar. The following table shows eleven kinds of metres that come under this head:

Name of Metre	Odd quarter-verses 1st-3rd	Even quarter-verses 2nd-4th
Upacitta	⏑⏑−⏑⏑−⏑⏑−⏑−	−⏑⏑−⏑⏑−⏑⏑−−
Dutamajjhā	−⏑⏑−⏑⏑−⏑⏑−−	⏑⏑⏑⏑−⏑⏑−⏑⏑−−
Vegavatī	⏑⏑−⏑⏑−⏑⏑−−	−⏑⏑−⏑⏑−⏑⏑−−
Bhaddavirājaṁ	−−⏑⏑−⏑−⏑−−	−−−⏑⏑−⏑−⏑−−
Ketumatī	⏑⏑−⏑−⏑⏑⏑−−	−⏑⏑−⏑−⏑⏑⏑−−
Akhyānikā	−−⏑−−⏑⏑−⏑−−	⏑−⏑−−⏑⏑−⏑−−
Viparitākhyānikā Text: Viparitapubba.	⏑−⏑−−⏑⏑−⏑−−	−−⏑−−⏑⏑−⏑−−
Hariṇaplutā	⏑⏑−⏑⏑−⏑⏑−⏑−	⏑⏑⏑−⏑⏑−⏑⏑−⏑−
Aparavutta Text has: Remark. The Aparavutta corresponds to the Vetāliya explained, referred to lower down (sic); but this is incorrect, Aparavatta is only one specific kind of Vetāliya, many other are possible.	⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑−⏑−⏑−	⏑⏑⏑⏑−⏑⏑−⏑−⏑−
Pupphitaggā	⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑−⏑−⏑−−	⏑⏑⏑⏑−⏑⏑−⏑−⏑−−
Yavāmatī Text: Yavādikāmatī.	−⏑−⏑−⏑−⏑−⏑−⏑	⏑−⏑−⏑−⏑−⏑−⏑−−

 

3. The Visama Class

635. The pādas in this division of verses are all dissimilar. Under this head comes the metre known as Vatta, the heroic measure of Pali literature, eight syllables being employed in each pāda, the first and last syllables therein being free, and this, a short or long syllable may be optionally used in those syllables. The syllables between the first and last, form two seat, having three syllables in each seat or foot. In the first seat in all the quarters, any foot may be employed except a Tribrach and an Anapaest, that is to say, three short syllables (⏑⏑⏑) or two short and one long (⏑⏑−) must not be used. In the second seat of the first and third quarters, any foot may be used, but in the second seat of the second and fourth quarters only ya (Bacchic) or ja (Amphibrach) (i.e., ⏑−− or ⏑−⏑) must be employed. It should be noted, however, that the Vatta proper has ja in the second seat of both the second and the fourth pādas.

Remark. The sign ⏓ means that the syllable may be optionally be short or long.

 

636. (i) Vatta Proper.

637. Sometimes the Gāthā contains six pādas - the fifth following the rule for the first and third; the sixth that for the second and fourth.

638. Besides the Vatta Proper above shown, there are six Text: eight, owing to a mistake in interpretation regarding numbers (v) & (vi). kinds of Vatta metres:

(ii) Viparītapathyāvatta.

(iii) Capalāvatta.

(iv) Na-Vipulā.

 

(v) Vipulā of Setava.

(vi) Vipulā of Piṅgala. Both of these descriptions are omitted as they are mistaken in the original, where it states, quite erroneously that in the Vipulā of Setavā pādas 1 & 3 should be ⏓¦⏓⏓⏓¦⏑−⏑¦⏓; and pādas 2 & 4 ⏓¦⏓⏓⏓¦⏑−⏓¦⏓. The Vipulā of Piṅgala is described as having pādas 1 & 3 ⏓¦⏓⏓⏓¦⏑−−¦⏓; 2 & 4 as being ⏓¦⏓⏓⏓¦⏑−⏑¦⏓; with the remark that “this metre (vi) is also called Pathyāvatta”.

(vii) Bha-Vipulā.

(viii) Ra-Vipulā.

(ix) Ta-Vipulā.

639. Jāti Stanzas

640. Besides the metres noted above, there are some that are regulated by time (kāla). Such metres are termed Jāti. They are of three kinds:-

and    (c) Mattāsamaka. The text omits to describe the Mattāsamaka metres, which consist of different varieties of metre with four gaṇas having four mattas to the gaṇa. It appears they do not exist in any extant Pāli texts.

641. In the first of these, the Ariyā, the first two pādas of half a gāthā contain seven and a half feet; in the even, that is, in the second, fourth, and sixth feet, any of the following, namely, bha, ja, sa, gā, or four short syllables may be employed, but ja must not be used in the odd feet, that is, in the first, third, and fifth. The sixth foot may be la or four short syllables. The second-half stanza must fulfil the same conditions. It is necessary to observe that in the Jāti metre a foot consists of four syllabic instants, the time taken up in pronouncing a short syllable being taken as an instant of time; thus a long syllable being taken equal to two short ones, each foot used in the Ariyā is equal to four syllabic instants. The following is an illustration of an Ariyā stanza: It should be noted that this is simply an example, any other schemes are possible.

	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th foot
First half stanza	−−,	⏑⏑⏑⏑,	−−,	⏑⏑−,	−−,	⏑−⏑,	−⏑⏑,	−
Second half stanza	⏑⏑−,	⏑⏑⏑⏑,	−−,	−−,	−−,	⏑,	−−,	−,

642. The Vetāliya is so formed that it usually consists of fourteen syllabic instants in the odd quarters and sixteen in the even, while the Mattāsamaka consists of sixteen syllabic instants in each quarter. The metres of the Jāti class furnish many varieties, but it is not within the scope of this work to treat of them in detail. As, however, the Vetāliya is of rather frequent occurrence, we give below the scheme of it. Each pāda is divided into three seats; the first seat in the first and third pādas must have six syllabic instants; the first seat of the second and fourth pādas must contain eight syllabic instants; the second seat must be a cretic foot and the third a Iambic foot:

Number of syllabic instants	1st seat	2nd seat Cretic	3rd seat Iambus
1st pāda	6 syllabic instants	−⏑−	⏑−
2nd pāda	8 syllabic instants	−⏑−	⏑−
3rd pāda	6 syllabic instants	−⏑−	⏑−
4th pāda	8 syllabic instants	−⏑−	⏑−

Remarks. (a) The above is a perfect vetāliya. Text here reads: In the third seat, the following feet may be found instead of the iambus: ⏑⏑ pyrrhic −− spondee ⏑−− bacchic ⏑−⏑ amphibrac. However, the spondee and amphibrac are, in fact, never found in any Vetāliya metre, except by corruption; the 1st pyrrhic never occurs as the last syllable is always lengthened no matter what its natural weight is. The 3rd variety listed is a seperate metre known as Opacchandasaka. (b) the sign of the long syllable (−) must be counted as 2 since it is equal to two short syllables.

FINIS